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Specific forms | |
Ethnic music |
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National anthem | 'O Canada' |
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Regional music | |
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Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British or French patriotism, preceding the first legal steps to independence by over 50 years. The earliest, 'The Bold Canadian', was written in 1812.[1][2] Nascar driver averages bristol.
- 1Canadian anthems
Canadian anthems[edit]
National anthem[edit]
'O Canada' is the national anthem of Canada. Calixa Lavallée wrote the music in 1880 as a setting of a French Canadian patriotic poem composed by poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier. 'O Canada' served as one of two de facto national anthems after 1939, officially becoming Canada's singular national anthem in 1980, when the Act of Parliament making it so received Royal Assent and became effective on July 1 as part of that year's Dominion Day celebrations.[3][4] The national anthem is routinely played before sporting events involving Canadian teams.
Royal anthem[edit]
'God Save the Queen' is the royal anthem of Canada. There are various claims of authorship and several previous songs of similar style, but the first published version of what is almost the present tune appeared in 1744 in Thesaurus Musicus. The song has been used in Canada since the era when it was a collection of British colonies and 'God Save the King' (or 'God Save the Queen' during the reign of Queen Victoria) was played in honour of the British monarch. It has remained in use through Canada's progression to independence, becoming eventually one of the country's two de facto national anthems.[5] After 'O Canada' was in 1980 proclaimed the national anthem, 'God Save The Queen' has been performed as the royal anthem, in the presence of the Canadian monarch, other members of the Royal Family, and as part of the salute accorded to the Governor General of Canada and provincial lieutenant governors, as well as on other occasions.[5][6]
Unofficial national anthem[edit]
'The Maple Leaf Forever' is an older but unofficial national anthem written by Alexander Muir in 1867.[7] It was in consideration for official national anthem; however, as no French version was ever written, it was never popular with Francophones.[8]
Provincial anthems[edit]
'Alberta' is the official provincial song of Alberta, adopted in preparation for the province's centennial celebrations in 2005. The song was selected following a competition mandated by the Alberta Official Song Act, introduced in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in May 2001 and passed in November.[9]
Lucy Maud Montgomery ca. 1935
'The Island Hymn' is a provincial anthem of Prince Edward Island. The hymn's lyrics were written in 1908 by Lucy Maud Montgomery, with music written by Lawrence W. Watson. It was performed for the first time in public on May 22, 1908. The manuscript music, dated October 27, 1908, and correspondence relating to it are displayed at Green Gables House, Cavendish. The Island Hymn was adopted as the provincial anthem by the legislative assembly on May 7, 2010. The Provincial Anthem Act includes a French version of the Island Hymn, adapted by Raymond J. Arsenault of Abram-Village and called L'hymne de l'Île.[10]
'Ode to Newfoundland' is the official provincial anthem of Newfoundland and Labrador.[8] Governor Sir Cavendish Boyle composed it in 1902 as a four-verse poem entitled Newfoundland.[11] It was set to the music of British composer Sir Hubert Parry, a personal friend of Boyle, who composed two settings. On May 20, 1904 it was chosen as Newfoundland's official national anthem (national being understood as a self-governing Dominion of the British Empire on par with Canada).[11] This distinction was dropped when Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949. Three decades later, in 1980, the province re-adopted the song as an official provincial anthem.
'A Place to Stand, a Place to Grow (Ontari-ari-ari-o!)' is an unofficial anthem of Ontario. The song was written by Dolores Claman, with English lyrics by Richard Morris, French lyrics by Larry Trudel, and orchestrations by Jerry Toth. It was commissioned by the Progressive Conservative government of John Robarts as the signature tune for a movie of the same name that was featured at the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67, the World's Fair held in Montreal, Quebec, in Canada's Centennial year. It was used again in the Ontario's segment of the short film A Place to Stand, which won the 1967 Academy Award for Live Action Short Film.[12]
George-Étienne Cartier ca. 1871
'Ô Canada! mon pays, mes amours' is a French-Canadian song, written by George-Étienne Cartier first sung in 1834, during a patriotic banquet of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society held in Montreal. The words were first published in the June 29, 1835, edition of La Minerve and its music in Le Chansonnier des collèges in 1850; it is uncertain when the lyrics and music were put together, probably by Ernest Gagnon sometime between 1850 and 1868. The music currently used was composed by Jean-Baptiste Labelle.[13]
'Gens du pays' has been called the unofficial national anthem of Quebec. Written by poet, songwriter, and avowed Quebec nationalist Gilles Vigneault (with music co-written by Gaston Rochon), it was first performed by Vigneault on June 24, 1975 during a concert on Montreal's Mount Royal at that year's Fête nationale du Québec ceremony. It quickly became a folk classic, and it has been played frequently at Fête nationale ceremonies since then. The chorus is by far the most famous part of the song: Gens du pays, c'est votre tour / De vous laisser parler d'amour, which, translated, says, 'Folks of the land, it is your turn to let yourselves talk of love.' [14][citation needed] At this time, Vigneault invited Quebecers to use this song when someone celebrate a birthday, changing 'Gens du pays' by 'Mon cher (name)..'. In many families, this song can be heard when the cake approaches.[15]
Oldest known nationalistic song[edit]
Youtube National Anthem Super Bowl
'The Bold Canadian', also known as 'Come all ye bold Canadians', is a Canadian patriotic song that originated during the War of 1812. The lyrics celebrate the Canadian conquest of Detroit in the Michigan Territory. It is believed that the song was written by a private from the Third York Militia's First Flank Company named Cornelius Flummerfelt. Until 1907, the song was only passed on in oral traditions, with a few different versions gaining popularity. Full versions of the song were not published until 1927 when the Ontario Historical Society published two different versions of the song. A third version was published in 1960. All three varied, with different stanzas and order of stanzas.[2][16]
Popular nationalistic songs[edit]
'Canada', also known as 'Ca-na-da', 'The Centennial Song', or 'Une chanson du centenaire' in French, was written by Bobby Gimby in 1967 to celebrate Canada's centennial and Expo 67.[17] It was commissioned by the Centennial Commission (a special Federal Government agency), and written in both of Canada's official languages, English and French. The song's recording was performed by the Young Canada Singers, two groups of children – one that sang the French lyrics, led by Montreal conductor Raymond Berthiaume, and another that sang in English, under conductor Laurie Bower[18] in Toronto.[19] The musical score was composed by Ben McPeek. The single went on to be the most successful single in Canada in 1967, selling a then unprecedented 270,000 copies.[19]
Gordon Lightfoot ca. 2008
'Something to Sing About' is a patriotic song written by folk singer Oscar Brand in 1963 that sings the praises of the many different regions of Canada. It was used as the theme for Let's Sing Out, a folk music show that aired on CTV and CBC and was the theme song for the Canadian pavilion at Expo 67, and there was once a movement for it to chosen as Canada's national anthem in 1965.
Dec 21, 2018 - The Bond 25 release date has been delayed to 2020. Originally, Bond 25 was scheduled to release on October 25, 2019 in the UK, and a little later on November 8, 2019 in the States but Danny Boyle's unexpected departure as director naturally threw several spanners in the works. Aug 23, 2018 - Wonder Woman may have just gotten some breathing room. With the abrupt exit of director Danny Boyle, the next installment in the James Bond film franchise — the untitled Bond 25 — will miss its Nov. 8, 2019, release date in North American theaters, sources tell The Hollywood Reporter. James bond next movie 2019. Upcoming Action Adventure Movies (2019, 2020). James Bond series regulars since Skyfall (2012), Ben Whishaw and Naomie Harris, whose. And Moneypenny respectively were re-introduced to the series with that Bond movie, have both. Aug 24, 2018 - Bond 25 'will miss 2019 release date' after Danny Boyle exit. The release date of the next James Bond film is widely expected to be put back following Danny Boyle's abrupt decision to exit the currently untitled project. Features breaking news on the 25th James Bond movie including first looks at images. James Bond experience coming to SPYSCAPE. To open May 2019.
'Canadian Railroad Trilogy' is a song by Gordon Lightfoot that describes the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. This song was commissioned by the CBC for a special broadcast on January 1, 1967, to start Canada's Centennial year.[20] It appeared on Lightfoot's The Way I Feel album later in the same year. Lightfoot re-recorded the track on his 1975 compilation album, Gord's Gold, with full orchestration (arranged by Lee Holdridge). A live version also appears on his 1969 album Sunday Concert. Additionally, the song was covered by John Mellencamp, George Hamilton IV, and James Keelaghan who performed the song on the Lightfoot tribute album, Beautiful. In 2001, Gordon Lightfoot's 'Canadian Railroad Trilogy' was honoured as one of the Canadian MasterWorks by the Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada.[21]
'The Hockey Theme' is a Canadian theme song written in 1968 by Dolores Claman and orchestrated by Jerry Toth.[22] The theme is popularly associated with Canada's national winter sport: hockey. It gained popularity through associated with CBC Television's Hockey Night in Canada, and Télévision de Radio-Canada's La Soirée du hockey from 1968 until 2008. In 2008 the CBC announced that the negotiations to renew their licence or purchase the theme had been unsuccessful and that they would run a national contest to find a new theme song. The rights were then purchased by rival broadcaster CTV in perpetuity. Beginning in the fall of 2008 the theme could be heard on hockey broadcasts on the CTV-owned TSN and RDS sports channels.[23]
'Northwest Passage' is an a cappella song written by Stan Rogers.[24] The song appears on an album of the same name released by Rogers in 1981, and is considered one of the classic songs in Canadian music history.[24] In the 2005 CBC Radio One series 50 Tracks: The Canadian Version, 'Northwest Passage' ranked fourth.[25] It was referred to as one of Canada's unofficial anthems by former Prime MinisterStephen Harper,[26] and former Governor GeneralAdrienne Clarkson quoted the song both in her first official address[27] and in her speech at the dedication of the new Canadian embassy in Berlin.[28]
First Nations nationalistic songs[edit]
'O Canada' has been performed in some First Nation languages during the opening of a few national events. During the opening ceremonies of the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, 'O Canada' was sung in the southern Tutchone language by Yukon native Daniel Tlen.[29][30] At a National Hockey League (NHL) game in Calgary on February 1, 2007, young Cree singer Akina Shirt became the first person ever to perform 'O Canada' in the Cree language at such an event.[31]
'Land of the Silver Birch' is thought of as a Canadian folk song, though written first as a poem by Pauline Johnson. It is associated with camping and canoeing. Its subject matter is a romanticized vision of nature and the land from the perspective of an indigenous person, but it remains popular with the non-Aboriginal majority in Canada. The song appears in the Paul Gross film Men with Brooms (2002). The song was partly re-written in 2005 by Canadian folk singer Dickson Reid and released on his debut album, Sugar in the Snow.[32]
Other nationalistic songs[edit]
- 'Farewell to Nova Scotia' is a popular folk song from Nova Scotia that is a corruption of the 1791 Scottish folk song 'The Soldier's Adieu', printed in 1803 in a Glasgow newspaper and attributed to Robert Tannahill.[33] When Nova Scotians began to adapt the song is unknown. In the 1930s, Folklorist Helen Creighton collected versions of the folk song from different communities along the eastern shore of Nova Scotia.[34][35] The song had a resurgence when Halifax CBC TV show 'Singalong Jubilee' used Catherine McKinnon's version as the title theme.
- 'The Banks of Newfoundland' was composed by Chief Justice Francis Forbes sometime around 1820, and was adopted as the authorized march of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment.[36][37]
- A Canadianized version of Woody Guthrie's This Land Is Your Land was released in 1955 by the folk group The Travellers.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Youtube Fergie's National Anthem Song
- ^Adam Jortner (December 12, 2011). The Gods of Prophetstown: The Battle of Tippecanoe and the Holy War for the American Frontier. Oxford University Press. p. 217. ISBN978-0-19-976529-4.
- ^ abLower, Stephen. 'Volume 2: Legendary Ballads and Historical Songs'. Canadian Folk SOngs: A Centennial Collection. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ^DeRocco, David (2008). From sea to sea to sea : a newcomer's guide to Canada. Full Blast Productions. pp. 121–122. ISBN978-0-9784738-4-6.
- ^Department of Canadian Heritage. 'Canadian Heritage – National Anthem: O Canada'. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
- ^ abDepartment of Canadian Heritage. 'National Anthem: O Canada'. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
- ^MacLeod, Kevin S. (2008). A Crown of Maples(PDF) (1 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. I. ISBN978-0-662-46012-1. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
- ^Anonymous. 'Marches'. L'Association Canadienne De L'Infanterie/Canadian Infantry Association. Archived from the original on April 22, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ ab'Canadian Heritage – Patriotic Songs'. Pch.gc.ca. March 3, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
- ^Anonymous. 'Canada Alberta: Alberta Provincial Song'. Sheet music. National Anthems of the World Organisation. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^Anonymous. 'The Island Hymn'. Island Information. The Government of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ^ abVolume four, p. 168, Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, ISBN0-9693422-1-7.
- ^Lorne Bruce (August 2010). Places to Grow: Public Libraries and Communities in Ontario, 1930–2000. Lorne Bruce. pp. 9–. ISBN978-0-9866666-0-5. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
- ^'Jean-Baptiste Labelle'. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. 2000. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^'Gens du pays'. The Canadian Songwriters Virtual Hall of Fame. February 2006. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
- ^'Gens du pays' [Gens du Pays: more than a birthday song]. La Presse (in French). February 5, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^Hickey p.351
- ^Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (February 18, 1967). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. pp. 84–. ISSN0006-2510.
- ^'Laurie Bower'. The Canadian Encyclopedia. August 31, 1933. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ ab'Ca-Na-Da'. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2000. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^Dave Bidini (October 18, 2011). Writing Gordon Lightfoot: The Man, the Music, and the World in 1972. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 226–. ISBN978-0-7710-1259-4.
- ^Elizabeth Lumley (May 2009). Canadian Who's Who 2009. University of Toronto Press. p. 785. ISBN978-0-8020-4092-3.
- ^Betty Nygaard King. 'Jerry Toth'. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
- ^'The Hockey Theme returns to Canadians on RDS and TSN'. TSN. 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ abJohn Wilson (2001). John Franklin: Traveller on Undiscovered Seas. Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 77. ISBN978-0-9688166-1-5.
- ^'50 Tracks, list of essential Canadian music'. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2005. Archived from the original on April 12, 2005. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^'Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to end by leaving you with a line from Stan Rogers' unofficial Canadian anthem – Northwest Passage.' Address by the Prime Minister Stephen HarperArchived February 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, August 17, 2006 in Yellowknife.
- ^Chris Gudgeon. 'Stan Rogers'. Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^'Her Excellency the Right Honourable Adrienne Clarkson: Speech on the Occasion of the Official Opening of the Canadian Embassy' The Governor General of Canada. Berlin, April 29, 2005. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^'Daniel Tlen'. Yukon First Nations. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
- ^O Canada (Canada National Anthem) // Calgary 1988 Version on YouTube
- ^'Edmonton girl to sing anthem in NHL first at Saddledome'. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. February 1, 2007. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
- ^Read MacDonald, Margaret; Winifred Jaeger. 'The Round Book: Rounds Kids Love to Sing'. North Haven, CT: Shoe String Press Inc., 1999, Page 14. ISBN978-0-87483-786-5. Retrieved August 20, 2011. https://books.google.com/books?id=3GW1zdRHafUC
- ^'Linda Craig. The Scottish Origins of 'Farewell to Nova Scotia'. DalSpace. 1970'(PDF). Retrieved December 18, 2018.
- ^See also her book Traditional Songs from Nova Scotia, 1950
- ^'Songs'. Helen Creighton Folklore Society. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
- ^Woodford, Paul G. (1987). A Newfoundland Songbook - A Collection of Music by Historic Newfoundland Composers, 1820-1942. St. John's: Creative Publishers.
- ^'The Royal Newfoundland Regiment'. Canadian Army. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
Authorized Marches: Quick March: The Banks of Newfoundland
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthems_and_nationalistic_songs_of_Canada&oldid=898354871'
Music of Canada | |
---|---|
General topics | |
Portal | |
Genres | |
Specific forms | |
Ethnic music |
|
Instrumental repertoires | Canadian fiddle |
Media and performance | |
Music awards | |
Music charts |
|
Music festivals |
|
Music media | Print media Music television |
Nationalistic and patriotic songs | |
National anthem | 'O Canada' |
Other | Anthems and nationalistic |
Regional music | |
|
Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British or French patriotism, preceding the first legal steps to independence by over 50 years. The earliest, 'The Bold Canadian', was written in 1812.[1][2]
- 1Canadian anthems
Canadian anthems[edit]
National anthem[edit]
'O Canada' is the national anthem of Canada. Calixa Lavallée wrote the music in 1880 as a setting of a French Canadian patriotic poem composed by poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier. 'O Canada' served as one of two de facto national anthems after 1939, officially becoming Canada's singular national anthem in 1980, when the Act of Parliament making it so received Royal Assent and became effective on July 1 as part of that year's Dominion Day celebrations.[3][4] The national anthem is routinely played before sporting events involving Canadian teams.
Royal anthem[edit]
'God Save the Queen' is the royal anthem of Canada. There are various claims of authorship and several previous songs of similar style, but the first published version of what is almost the present tune appeared in 1744 in Thesaurus Musicus. The song has been used in Canada since the era when it was a collection of British colonies and 'God Save the King' (or 'God Save the Queen' during the reign of Queen Victoria) was played in honour of the British monarch. It has remained in use through Canada's progression to independence, becoming eventually one of the country's two de facto national anthems.[5] After 'O Canada' was in 1980 proclaimed the national anthem, 'God Save The Queen' has been performed as the royal anthem, in the presence of the Canadian monarch, other members of the Royal Family, and as part of the salute accorded to the Governor General of Canada and provincial lieutenant governors, as well as on other occasions.[5][6]
Unofficial national anthem[edit]
'The Maple Leaf Forever' is an older but unofficial national anthem written by Alexander Muir in 1867.[7] It was in consideration for official national anthem; however, as no French version was ever written, it was never popular with Francophones.[8]
Provincial anthems[edit]
'Alberta' is the official provincial song of Alberta, adopted in preparation for the province's centennial celebrations in 2005. The song was selected following a competition mandated by the Alberta Official Song Act, introduced in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in May 2001 and passed in November.[9]
Lucy Maud Montgomery ca. 1935
'The Island Hymn' is a provincial anthem of Prince Edward Island. The hymn's lyrics were written in 1908 by Lucy Maud Montgomery, with music written by Lawrence W. Watson. It was performed for the first time in public on May 22, 1908. The manuscript music, dated October 27, 1908, and correspondence relating to it are displayed at Green Gables House, Cavendish. The Island Hymn was adopted as the provincial anthem by the legislative assembly on May 7, 2010. The Provincial Anthem Act includes a French version of the Island Hymn, adapted by Raymond J. Arsenault of Abram-Village and called L'hymne de l'Île.[10]
'Ode to Newfoundland' is the official provincial anthem of Newfoundland and Labrador.[8] Governor Sir Cavendish Boyle composed it in 1902 as a four-verse poem entitled Newfoundland.[11] It was set to the music of British composer Sir Hubert Parry, a personal friend of Boyle, who composed two settings. On May 20, 1904 it was chosen as Newfoundland's official national anthem (national being understood as a self-governing Dominion of the British Empire on par with Canada).[11] This distinction was dropped when Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949. Three decades later, in 1980, the province re-adopted the song as an official provincial anthem.
'A Place to Stand, a Place to Grow (Ontari-ari-ari-o!)' is an unofficial anthem of Ontario. The song was written by Dolores Claman, with English lyrics by Richard Morris, French lyrics by Larry Trudel, and orchestrations by Jerry Toth. It was commissioned by the Progressive Conservative government of John Robarts as the signature tune for a movie of the same name that was featured at the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67, the World's Fair held in Montreal, Quebec, in Canada's Centennial year. It was used again in the Ontario's segment of the short film A Place to Stand, which won the 1967 Academy Award for Live Action Short Film.[12]
George-Étienne Cartier ca. 1871
'Ô Canada! mon pays, mes amours' is a French-Canadian song, written by George-Étienne Cartier first sung in 1834, during a patriotic banquet of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society held in Montreal. The words were first published in the June 29, 1835, edition of La Minerve and its music in Le Chansonnier des collèges in 1850; it is uncertain when the lyrics and music were put together, probably by Ernest Gagnon sometime between 1850 and 1868. The music currently used was composed by Jean-Baptiste Labelle.[13]
Download Driver Restore for Windows now from Softonic: 100% safe and virus free. More than 75. Compatible with your OS; Full paid version; In English. Version: 2.3. Free & fast download; Always available; Tested virus-free. Find the best programs like Driver Restore for Windows. Any old, missing, or corrupt drivers and update them to the latest version. Filter by: Free. Driver Restore, free and safe download. Driver Restore latest version: Scan your PC and all connected devices to find any old, missing, or corrupt drivers. Drivers restore free full download.
'Gens du pays' has been called the unofficial national anthem of Quebec. Written by poet, songwriter, and avowed Quebec nationalist Gilles Vigneault (with music co-written by Gaston Rochon), it was first performed by Vigneault on June 24, 1975 during a concert on Montreal's Mount Royal at that year's Fête nationale du Québec ceremony. It quickly became a folk classic, and it has been played frequently at Fête nationale ceremonies since then. The chorus is by far the most famous part of the song: Gens du pays, c'est votre tour / De vous laisser parler d'amour, which, translated, says, 'Folks of the land, it is your turn to let yourselves talk of love.' [14][citation needed] At this time, Vigneault invited Quebecers to use this song when someone celebrate a birthday, changing 'Gens du pays' by 'Mon cher (name)..'. In many families, this song can be heard when the cake approaches.[15]
Oldest known nationalistic song[edit]
'The Bold Canadian', also known as 'Come all ye bold Canadians', is a Canadian patriotic song that originated during the War of 1812. The lyrics celebrate the Canadian conquest of Detroit in the Michigan Territory. It is believed that the song was written by a private from the Third York Militia's First Flank Company named Cornelius Flummerfelt. Until 1907, the song was only passed on in oral traditions, with a few different versions gaining popularity. Full versions of the song were not published until 1927 when the Ontario Historical Society published two different versions of the song. A third version was published in 1960. All three varied, with different stanzas and order of stanzas.[2][16]
Popular nationalistic songs[edit]
'Canada', also known as 'Ca-na-da', 'The Centennial Song', or 'Une chanson du centenaire' in French, was written by Bobby Gimby in 1967 to celebrate Canada's centennial and Expo 67.[17] It was commissioned by the Centennial Commission (a special Federal Government agency), and written in both of Canada's official languages, English and French. The song's recording was performed by the Young Canada Singers, two groups of children – one that sang the French lyrics, led by Montreal conductor Raymond Berthiaume, and another that sang in English, under conductor Laurie Bower[18] in Toronto.[19] The musical score was composed by Ben McPeek. The single went on to be the most successful single in Canada in 1967, selling a then unprecedented 270,000 copies.[19]
Gordon Lightfoot ca. 2008
'Something to Sing About' is a patriotic song written by folk singer Oscar Brand in 1963 that sings the praises of the many different regions of Canada. It was used as the theme for Let's Sing Out, a folk music show that aired on CTV and CBC and was the theme song for the Canadian pavilion at Expo 67, and there was once a movement for it to chosen as Canada's national anthem in 1965.
'Canadian Railroad Trilogy' is a song by Gordon Lightfoot that describes the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. This song was commissioned by the CBC for a special broadcast on January 1, 1967, to start Canada's Centennial year.[20] It appeared on Lightfoot's The Way I Feel album later in the same year. Lightfoot re-recorded the track on his 1975 compilation album, Gord's Gold, with full orchestration (arranged by Lee Holdridge). A live version also appears on his 1969 album Sunday Concert. Additionally, the song was covered by John Mellencamp, George Hamilton IV, and James Keelaghan who performed the song on the Lightfoot tribute album, Beautiful. In 2001, Gordon Lightfoot's 'Canadian Railroad Trilogy' was honoured as one of the Canadian MasterWorks by the Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada.[21]
'The Hockey Theme' is a Canadian theme song written in 1968 by Dolores Claman and orchestrated by Jerry Toth.[22] The theme is popularly associated with Canada's national winter sport: hockey. It gained popularity through associated with CBC Television's Hockey Night in Canada, and Télévision de Radio-Canada's La Soirée du hockey from 1968 until 2008. In 2008 the CBC announced that the negotiations to renew their licence or purchase the theme had been unsuccessful and that they would run a national contest to find a new theme song. The rights were then purchased by rival broadcaster CTV in perpetuity. Beginning in the fall of 2008 the theme could be heard on hockey broadcasts on the CTV-owned TSN and RDS sports channels.[23]
'Northwest Passage' is an a cappella song written by Stan Rogers.[24] The song appears on an album of the same name released by Rogers in 1981, and is considered one of the classic songs in Canadian music history.[24] In the 2005 CBC Radio One series 50 Tracks: The Canadian Version, 'Northwest Passage' ranked fourth.[25] It was referred to as one of Canada's unofficial anthems by former Prime MinisterStephen Harper,[26] and former Governor GeneralAdrienne Clarkson quoted the song both in her first official address[27] and in her speech at the dedication of the new Canadian embassy in Berlin.[28]
First Nations nationalistic songs[edit]
'O Canada' has been performed in some First Nation languages during the opening of a few national events. During the opening ceremonies of the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, 'O Canada' was sung in the southern Tutchone language by Yukon native Daniel Tlen.[29][30] At a National Hockey League (NHL) game in Calgary on February 1, 2007, young Cree singer Akina Shirt became the first person ever to perform 'O Canada' in the Cree language at such an event.[31]
'Land of the Silver Birch' is thought of as a Canadian folk song, though written first as a poem by Pauline Johnson. It is associated with camping and canoeing. Its subject matter is a romanticized vision of nature and the land from the perspective of an indigenous person, but it remains popular with the non-Aboriginal majority in Canada. The song appears in the Paul Gross film Men with Brooms (2002). The song was partly re-written in 2005 by Canadian folk singer Dickson Reid and released on his debut album, Sugar in the Snow.[32]
Other nationalistic songs[edit]
- 'Farewell to Nova Scotia' is a popular folk song from Nova Scotia that is a corruption of the 1791 Scottish folk song 'The Soldier's Adieu', printed in 1803 in a Glasgow newspaper and attributed to Robert Tannahill.[33] When Nova Scotians began to adapt the song is unknown. In the 1930s, Folklorist Helen Creighton collected versions of the folk song from different communities along the eastern shore of Nova Scotia.[34][35] The song had a resurgence when Halifax CBC TV show 'Singalong Jubilee' used Catherine McKinnon's version as the title theme.
- 'The Banks of Newfoundland' was composed by Chief Justice Francis Forbes sometime around 1820, and was adopted as the authorized march of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment.[36][37]
- A Canadianized version of Woody Guthrie's This Land Is Your Land was released in 1955 by the folk group The Travellers.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Adam Jortner (December 12, 2011). The Gods of Prophetstown: The Battle of Tippecanoe and the Holy War for the American Frontier. Oxford University Press. p. 217. ISBN978-0-19-976529-4.
- ^ abLower, Stephen. 'Volume 2: Legendary Ballads and Historical Songs'. Canadian Folk SOngs: A Centennial Collection. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ^DeRocco, David (2008). From sea to sea to sea : a newcomer's guide to Canada. Full Blast Productions. pp. 121–122. ISBN978-0-9784738-4-6.
- ^Department of Canadian Heritage. 'Canadian Heritage – National Anthem: O Canada'. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
- ^ abDepartment of Canadian Heritage. 'National Anthem: O Canada'. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
- ^MacLeod, Kevin S. (2008). A Crown of Maples(PDF) (1 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. I. ISBN978-0-662-46012-1. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
- ^Anonymous. 'Marches'. L'Association Canadienne De L'Infanterie/Canadian Infantry Association. Archived from the original on April 22, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ ab'Canadian Heritage – Patriotic Songs'. Pch.gc.ca. March 3, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
- ^Anonymous. 'Canada Alberta: Alberta Provincial Song'. Sheet music. National Anthems of the World Organisation. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^Anonymous. 'The Island Hymn'. Island Information. The Government of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ^ abVolume four, p. 168, Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, ISBN0-9693422-1-7.
- ^Lorne Bruce (August 2010). Places to Grow: Public Libraries and Communities in Ontario, 1930–2000. Lorne Bruce. pp. 9–. ISBN978-0-9866666-0-5. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
- ^'Jean-Baptiste Labelle'. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. 2000. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^'Gens du pays'. The Canadian Songwriters Virtual Hall of Fame. February 2006. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
- ^'Gens du pays' [Gens du Pays: more than a birthday song]. La Presse (in French). February 5, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^Hickey p.351
- ^Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (February 18, 1967). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. pp. 84–. ISSN0006-2510.
- ^'Laurie Bower'. The Canadian Encyclopedia. August 31, 1933. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ ab'Ca-Na-Da'. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2000. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^Dave Bidini (October 18, 2011). Writing Gordon Lightfoot: The Man, the Music, and the World in 1972. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 226–. ISBN978-0-7710-1259-4.
- ^Elizabeth Lumley (May 2009). Canadian Who's Who 2009. University of Toronto Press. p. 785. ISBN978-0-8020-4092-3.
- ^Betty Nygaard King. 'Jerry Toth'. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
- ^'The Hockey Theme returns to Canadians on RDS and TSN'. TSN. 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ abJohn Wilson (2001). John Franklin: Traveller on Undiscovered Seas. Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 77. ISBN978-0-9688166-1-5.
- ^'50 Tracks, list of essential Canadian music'. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2005. Archived from the original on April 12, 2005. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^'Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to end by leaving you with a line from Stan Rogers' unofficial Canadian anthem – Northwest Passage.' Address by the Prime Minister Stephen HarperArchived February 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, August 17, 2006 in Yellowknife.
- ^Chris Gudgeon. 'Stan Rogers'. Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^'Her Excellency the Right Honourable Adrienne Clarkson: Speech on the Occasion of the Official Opening of the Canadian Embassy' The Governor General of Canada. Berlin, April 29, 2005. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^'Daniel Tlen'. Yukon First Nations. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
- ^O Canada (Canada National Anthem) // Calgary 1988 Version on YouTube
- ^'Edmonton girl to sing anthem in NHL first at Saddledome'. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. February 1, 2007. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
- ^Read MacDonald, Margaret; Winifred Jaeger. 'The Round Book: Rounds Kids Love to Sing'. North Haven, CT: Shoe String Press Inc., 1999, Page 14. ISBN978-0-87483-786-5. Retrieved August 20, 2011. https://books.google.com/books?id=3GW1zdRHafUC
- ^'Linda Craig. The Scottish Origins of 'Farewell to Nova Scotia'. DalSpace. 1970'(PDF). Retrieved December 18, 2018.
- ^See also her book Traditional Songs from Nova Scotia, 1950
- ^'Songs'. Helen Creighton Folklore Society. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
- ^Woodford, Paul G. (1987). A Newfoundland Songbook - A Collection of Music by Historic Newfoundland Composers, 1820-1942. St. John's: Creative Publishers.
- ^'The Royal Newfoundland Regiment'. Canadian Army. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
Authorized Marches: Quick March: The Banks of Newfoundland
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthems_and_nationalistic_songs_of_Canada&oldid=898354871'
United States of America
The Star Spangled Banner
Oh, say! can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming;
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there:
Oh, say! does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In fully glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh, long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!
And where is that band who so vauntingly swore
That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion
A home and a country should leave us no more?
Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution!
No refuge could save the hireling and slave
From the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave:
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
Oh, thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
Between their loved home and the war's desolation!
Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n-rescued land
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation!
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto: 'In God is our trust':
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
The Star Spangled Banner
Oh, say! can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming;
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there:
Oh, say! does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In fully glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh, long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!
And where is that band who so vauntingly swore
That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion
A home and a country should leave us no more?
Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution!
No refuge could save the hireling and slave
From the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave:
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
Oh, thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
Between their loved home and the war's desolation!
Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n-rescued land
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation!
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto: 'In God is our trust':
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
(Redirected from National song)
Instrumental performance of the Russian national anthem at the 2010 Moscow Victory Day Parade in Moscow's Red Square, resplendent with a 21 gun salute
Part of a series on |
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A national anthem (also state anthem, national hymn, national song, etc.) is generally a patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nation's government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. The countries of Latin America, Central Asia, and Europe tend towards more ornate and operatic pieces, while those in the Middle East, Oceania, Africa, and the Caribbean use a more simplistic fanfare.[1] Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom, Russian Federation, and the former Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
Languages[edit]
A national anthem, when it has lyrics (as is usually the case), is most often in the national or most common language of the country, whether de facto or official, there are notable exceptions. Most commonly, states with more than one national language may offer several versions of their anthem, for instance:
- The 'Swiss Psalm', the national anthem of Switzerland, has different lyrics for each of the country's four official languages (French, German, Italian and Romansh).
- The national anthem of Canada, 'O Canada', has official lyrics in both English and French which are not translations of each other, and is frequently sung with a mixture of stanzas, representing the country's bilingual nature. The song itself was originally written in French.
- 'The Soldier's Song', the national anthem of Ireland, was originally written and adopted in English, but an Irish translation, although never formally adopted, is nowadays almost always sung instead, even though only 10.5% of Ireland speaks Irish natively.[2]
- The current South African national anthem is unique in that five of the country's eleven official languages are used in the same anthem (the first stanza is divided between two languages, with each of the remaining three stanzas in a different language). It was created by combining two different songs together and then modifying the lyrics and adding new ones.
- One of the two official national anthems of New Zealand, 'God Defend New Zealand', is commonly now sung with the first verse in Māori ('Aotearoa') and the second in English ('God Defend New Zealand'). The tune is the same but the words are not a direct translation of each other.
- 'God Bless Fiji' has lyrics in English and Fijian which are not translations of each other. Although official, the Fijian version is rarely sung, and it is usually the English version that is performed at international sporting events.
- Although Singapore has four official languages, with English being the current lingua franca, the national anthem, 'Majulah Singapura' is in Malay and by law can only be sung with its original Malay lyrics, despite the fact that Malay is a minority language in Singapore. This is because Part XIII of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore declares, “the national language shall be the Malay language and shall be in the Roman script […]”
- There are several countries that do not have official lyrics to their national anthems. One of these is the 'Marcha Real', the national anthem of Spain. Although it originally had lyrics those lyrics were discontinued after governmental changes in the early 1980s after Francisco Franco's dictatorship ended. In 2007 a national competition to write words was held, but no lyrics were chosen.[3] Other national anthems with no words include 'Inno Nazionale della Repubblica', the national anthem of San Marino, that of Bosnia and Herzegovina, that of Russia from 1990 to 2000, and that of Kosovo, entitled 'Europe'.
- The national anthem of India, 'Jana Gana Mana', the official lyrics are in the Devnagari (Hindi). The lyrics were adopted from a Bengali poem written by Rabindranath Tagore.
- Despite the most common language in Wales being English, the Welsh regional anthem 'Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau' is sung in the Welsh language.
- The national anthem of Finland, 'Maamme', was first written in Swedish and only later translated to Finnish. It is nowadays sung in both languages as there is a Swedish speaking minority of about 6% in the country.
History[edit]
Early version of the 'Wilhelmus' as preserved in a manuscript of 1617 (Brussels, Royal Library, MS 15662, fol. 37v-38r)[4]
National anthems rose to prominence in Europe during the 19th century, but some originated much earlier. The presumed oldest national anthem belongs to the Netherlands and is called the 'Wilhelmus'. It was written between 1568 and 1572 during the Dutch Revolt and its current melody variant was composed shortly before 1626. It was a popular orangist march during the 17th century but it did not become the official Dutch national anthem until 1932.
The Japanese national anthem, 'Kimigayo', has the oldest lyrics, which were taken from a Heian period (794–1185) poem, yet it was not set to music until 1880.[5]
The Philippine national anthem 'Lupang Hinirang' was composed in 1898 as wordless incidental music for the ceremony declaring independence from the Spanish Empire. The Spanish poem 'Filipinas' was written the following year to serve as the anthem's lyrics; the current Tagalog version dates to 1962.
'God Save the Queen', the national anthem of the United Kingdom and the royal anthem reserved for use in the presence of the Monarch in some Commonwealth realms, was first performed in 1619 under the title 'God Save the King'. It is not officially the national anthem of the UK, though it became such through custom and usage.
Spain's national anthem, the 'Marcha Real' (The Royal March), written in 1761, was among the first to be adopted as such, in 1770. Denmark adopted the older of its two national anthems, 'Kong Christian stod ved højen mast', in 1780; and 'La Marseillaise', the French national anthem, was written in 1792 and adopted in 1795. Serbia became the first Eastern European nation to have a national anthem – 'Rise up, Serbia!' – in 1804.[citation needed]
'Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu', the national anthem of Kenya, is one of the first national anthems to be specifically commissioned. It was written by the Kenyan Anthem Commission in 1963 to serve as the anthem after independence from the United Kingdom.[6]
The Welsh National anthem 'Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau' was the first such to be sung at an international sporting event when it was sung in a Rugby game against New Zealand in Llanelli. This was done to counter the famous New Zealandhaka.
'Hativkah', the national anthem of Israel, was written as a poem in 1877 by Naftali Herz Imber, and set to the melody of the Italian song 'La Mantovana' in 1888 by Samuel Cohen (the melody was used for many folk songs throughout Europe).
Usage[edit]
Schoolroom in Turkey with the words of the 'İstiklâl Marşı'
National anthems are used in a wide array of contexts. Certain etiquette may be involved in the playing of a country's anthem. These usually involve military honours, standing up/rising, removing headwear etc. In diplomatic situations the rules may be very formal. There may also be royal anthems, presidential anthems, state anthems etc. for special occasions.
They are played on national holidays and festivals, and have also come to be closely connected with sporting events. Wales was the first country to adopt this, during a rugby game against New Zealand in 1905. Since then during sporting competitions, such as the Olympic Games, the national anthem of the gold medal winner is played at each medal ceremony; also played before games in many sports leagues, since being adopted in baseball during World War II.[7] When teams from two different nations play each other, the anthems of both nations are played, the host nation's anthem being played last.
In some countries, the national anthem is played to students each day at the start of school as an exercise in patriotism, such as in Tanzania.[8] In other countries the state anthem may be played in a theatre before a play or in a cinema before a movie. Many radio and television stations have adopted this and play the national anthem when they sign on in the morning and again when they sign off at night. For instance, the national anthem of China is played before the broadcast of evening news on Hong Kong's local television stations including TVB Jade and ATV Home.[9] In Colombia, it is a law to play the National Anthem at 6:00 and 18:00 on every public radio and television station, while in Thailand, 'Phleng Chat' is played at 08:00 and 18:00 nationwide (the Royal Anthem is used for sign-ons and closedowns instead).
The words of the National Anthem of the Republic of China written by Sun Yat-sen
The use of a national anthem outside of its country, however, is dependent on the international recognition of that country. For instance, Taiwan has not been recognized by the Olympics as a separate nation since 1979 and must compete as Chinese Taipei; its National Banner Song is used instead of its national anthem.[10] In Taiwan, the country's national anthem is sung before instead of during flag-rising and flag-lowering, followed by the National Banner Song during the actual flag-rising and flag-lowering. Even within a state, the state's citizenry may interpret the national anthem differently (such as in the United States some view the U.S. national anthem as representing respect for dead soldiers and policemen whereas others view it as honoring the country generally).[11]
Creators[edit]
Rouget de Lisle performing 'La Marseillaise' for the first time
Most of the best-known national anthems were written by little-known or unknown composers such as Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, composer of 'La Marseillaise' and John Stafford Smith who wrote the tune for 'The Anacreontic Song', which became the tune for the U.S. national anthem, 'The Star-Spangled Banner.' The author of 'God Save the Queen', one of the oldest and most well known anthems in the world, is unknown and disputed.
Very few countries have a national anthem written by a world-renowned composer. Exceptions include Germany, whose anthem 'Das Lied der Deutschen' uses a melody written by Joseph Haydn, and Austria, whose national anthem 'Land der Berge, Land am Strome' is sometimes credited to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The 'Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic' was composed by Aram Khachaturian. The music of the 'Pontifical Anthem', anthem of the Vatican City, was composed in 1869 by Charles Gounod, for the golden jubilee of Pope Pius IX's priestly ordination.
The committee charged with choosing a national anthem for Malaysia at independence decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration, including Benjamin Britten, William Walton, Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed 'Majulah Singapura', the national anthem of Singapore. None were deemed suitable.
A few anthems have words by Nobel laureates in literature. The first Asian laureate, Rabindranath Tagore, wrote the words and music of 'Jana Gana Mana' and 'Amar Shonar Bangla', later adopted as the national anthems of India and Bangladesh respectively. Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson wrote the lyrics for the Norwegian national anthem 'Ja, vi elsker dette landet'.
Other countries had their anthems composed by locally important people. This is the case for Colombia, whose anthem's lyrics were written by former president and poet Rafael Nuñez, who also wrote the country's first constitution. A similar case is Liberia, the national anthem of which was written by its third president, Daniel Bashiel Warner.
Modality[edit]
National anthems by key A major (Equatorial Guinea, South Korea and Kyrgyzstan)
A-flat major (Algeria, Bangladesh, Burundi, Eswatini, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Rwanda and San Marino)
B-flat major (Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Fiji, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Ireland, Jamaica, Kiribati, Kuwait, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tuvalu, the United States, Vanuatu and Vietnam)
C major (Angola, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Dominica, East Timor, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Luxembourg, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Namibia, North Macedonia, Panama, Russia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo, Uruguay and Yemen)
D major (the Bahamas, Bahrain, Denmark, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Seychelles and Sudan)
D-flat major (Haiti and Norway)
E minor (Iraq, Israel and Romania)
E-flat major (Afghanistan, Austria, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Czech Republic, the Dominican Republic, Germany, Hungary, India, Mauritania, Palau, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, South Sudan and Suriname)
F major (Armenia, Belarus, Belize, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Chad, Comoros, the Republic of the Congo, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Laos, Malawi, the Maldives, Malta, the Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Nauru, Niger, Nigeria, Palestine, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Somalia, Syria, Tanzania, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, Vatican City, Venezuela and Western Sahara)
G major (Albania, Andorra, Barbados, China, France, Indonesia, Iran, Kosovo, Latvia, Lebanon, Mali, Monaco, Mozambique, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Oman, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Zambia and Zimbabwe)
Played at any key or mixed keys (Brazil, the Central African Republic, Georgia, Honduras, Italy, Montenegro, Morocco, the Philippines and South Africa)
While most national anthems are in the major scale, there are a number of notable exceptions. For example, these anthems are in the minor scale:
- 'Mila Rodino' (Bulgaria)
- 'Nad Tatrou sa blýska' (Slovakia)
- ”Els Segadors” (Catalonia)
- 'Hatikvah' (Israel)
- 'Surudi Milli' (Tajikistan)
- 'Azərbaycan marşı' (Azerbaijan)
- 'Mawtini' (Iraq)
- 'Deșteaptă-te, române!' (Romania)
- 'Meniń Qazaqstanym' (Kazakhstan)
- 'Shche ne vmerla Ukraina' (Ukraine)
- 'Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka' (Nepal)
- 'Afghan National Anthem' (Afghanistan)
- 'Cherifian Anthem' (Morocco)
- 'İstiklâl Marşı' (Turkey)
- 'Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu' (Kenya)
These anthems use pentatonic scales:
- 'Kimigayo' (Japan)
- 'Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya' (Ethiopia)
- 'Ertra, Ertra, Ertra' (Eritrea)
- 'Qolobaa Calankeed' (Somalia)
- 'Djibouti' (Djibouti)
- 'Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu' (Kenya)
- 'Druk tsendhen' (Bhutan)
- 'Nokor Reach' (Cambodia)
And these anthems have unique modes/modulations:
- 'Garaşsyz, Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni' (Turkmenistan) uses the Mixolydian mode
- The 'Afghan National Anthem' uses parallel key modulation[original research?]
- 'Forged from the Love of Liberty' (Trinidad and Tobago) starts in the minor key and then modulates to major key
- 'Humat ad-Diyar' (Syria) (Modulates repeatedly between major and minor)
- 'National Anthem of Mauritania' (Mauritania)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Burton-Hill, Clemency (21 October 2014). 'World Cup 2014: What makes a great national anthem?'. BBC.com. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
- ^'Census of Population 2016 – Profile 10 Education, Skills and the Irish Language - CSO - Central Statistics Office'. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
- ^'Spain: Lost for words - The Economist'. The Economist. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- ^M. de Bruin, 'Het Wilhelmus tijdens de Republiek', in: L.P. Grijp (ed.), Nationale hymnen. Het Wilhelmus en zijn buren. Volkskundig bulletin 24 (1998), p. 16-42, 199–200; esp. p. 28 n. 65.
- ^Japan Policy Research Institute JPRI Working Paper No. 79. The Indian National anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' was transcribed from a poem by Rabindranath Tagore. Published July 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2007
- ^'Kenya'. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- ^'Musical traditions in sports'. SportsIllustrated.
- ^17 June 2013 (17 June 2013). 'Tanzania: Dons Fault Court Over Suspension of Students (Page 1 of 2)'. allAfrica.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
- ^'Identity: Nationalism confronts a desire to be different'. Financial Times. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- ^Yomiuri ShimbunFoul cried over Taiwan anthem at hoop tourney. Published 6 August 2007
- ^'How national anthem became essential part of sports'. USA TODAY. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to National anthem. |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: National anthems |
Wikidata has the property:
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- NationalAnthems.me, national anthems of every country in the world (and historical national anthems) with streaming audio, lyrics, information and links
- Nationalanthems.info, lyrics and history of national anthems
- Recordings of countries' anthems around the world by the United States Navy Band
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_anthem&oldid=898271940'